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Overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics is associated with increased mortality and other poor outcomes in adults admitted for community-onset pneumonia

Poor Pneumonia Outcomes Tied to Overuse of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics

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Poor outcomes include higher mortality, longer hospital stay, and greater risk for C. difficile infection
Nonprescription antibiotic use appears to be prevalent in the United States

Nonprescription Antibiotic Use Seems Prevalent in the United States

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Review shows prevalence varies from 1 to 66 percent depending on population characteristics
For patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CRP-Guided Testing Cuts Antibiotic Use in COPD Exacerbations

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Lower percentage of patients reported antibiotic use, received antibiotic prescriptions
Patients hospitalized with pneumonia often receive excess antibiotic therapy

Hospitalized Pneumonia Patients Often Get Excess Antibiotics

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Vast majority of excess treatment occurs with antibiotics prescribed at discharge
Most U.S. adults have heard of and are concerned about antibiotic resistance

Most U.S. Adults Are Concerned About Antibiotic Resistance

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However, almost half of survey respondents have not taken antibiotics as prescribed in the past
Antibiotic stewardship interventions for acute respiratory infection can significantly reduce overuse in emergency departments and urgent care centers

Stewardship Intervention Can Cut Inappropriate Rx by a Third

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Findings observed for acute respiratory infection in emergency departments and urgent care centers
Children with community-acquired pneumonia often receive diagnostic testing and antibiotic therapy despite publication of guidelines against their routine use in 2011

Diagnostic Testing, Antibiotics Overused in Pediatric CAP

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Chest radiography ordered in 43 percent, antibiotics prescribed in 73.9 percent of community-acquired pneumonia visits
Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures is unnecessary more than 80 percent of the time

Antibiotic Prophylaxis Before Dental Work Often Unnecessary

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Dentists write 10 percent of all prescriptions for antibiotics in the United States
A single dose of a prophylactic antibiotic is beneficial after operative vaginal birth and reduces the risk for confirmed or suspected maternal infection

Prophylactic Antibiotic Cuts Infection Risk After Operative Vaginal Birth

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Benefits seen following operative vaginal birth at 36 weeks of gestation or later
A single dose of gentamicin is an appropriate second-line therapy for gonorrhea resistant to a single dose of ceftriaxone

Gentamicin Appropriate Second-Line Therapy to Ceftriaxone for Gonorrhea

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Two weeks after treatment, infection cleared for 98, 91 percent treated with ceftriaxone versus gentamicin