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Antibiotic prescription rates are high in low- and middle-income countries

Antibiotic Prescribing High in Low-, Middle-Income Countries

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Proportion of patients with inappropriate prescriptions ranged from 8 to 100 percent
Outpatient azithromycin use is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality

CVD, Non-CVD Mortality Increased With Azithromycin Use

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Cardiovascular death risk increased within five days of azithromycin exposure, but not at six to 10 days
Doxycycline does not significantly reduce aneurysm growth compared with placebo among patients with small infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms

Doxycycline Does Not Cut Growth of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

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Compared with placebo, no difference seen in growth of small abdominal aortic aneurysms at two years
From 2012 to 2017

Some Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections Down in U.S.

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MRSA, vancomycin-resistant enterococcal, MDR P. aeruginosa infection rates fell from 2012 to 2017
Prenatal antibiotic exposure overall has no significant association with later overweight or obesity in children

2nd Trimester Antibiotic Exposure May Up Risk for Offspring Obesity

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Exposure in infancy might also increase the risk for childhood overweight or obesity
Antibiotic prescriptions in the first year of life are associated with an increased risk for type 1 diabetes in childhood

Antibiotics in First Year of Life May Up Risk for T1DM by Age 10

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Antibiotic prescriptions for ear, respiratory tract infections major driver for increased risk
For children with suspected community-acquired pneumonia who are discharged from the emergency department

Antibiotics May Not Help Children With Suspected Pneumonia

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Outcomes do not differ for those with suspected CAP discharged from the ED with or without antibiotic Rx
Repeated courses of antibiotics may be associated with adverse outcomes

Repeated Courses of Antibiotics Linked to Hospital Admissions

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For patients with frequent prior antibiotic use, rates of admission remained elevated over six months
For adults with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Antibiotics, Corticosteroids Beneficial in COPD Exacerbations

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Independent of exacerbation severity, antibiotics tied to increased resolution, less treatment failure
Prescribing macrolide antibiotics during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for major fetal malformation

Major Malformations Up With Macrolide Prescribing in Pregnancy

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Macrolide prescribing during any trimester linked to increased risk for genital malformations