Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Pathology for April 2015. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.
Metabolic ‘Map’ May One Day Help Predict Obesity Risk
THURSDAY, April 30, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Researchers say they have successfully linked certain byproducts of digestion to the risk of excess body fat. The findings were published in the April 29 issue of Science Translational Medicine.
Lack of Adequate Sunlight May Up Risk of Pancreatic Cancer
THURSDAY, April 30, 2015 (HealthDay News) — People who live in regions with low sunlight may have a higher risk of pancreatic cancer, possibly because they don’t get enough vitamin D from the sun, new research suggests. The study appears online April 30 in the Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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Investigational MenB Vaccine Can Protect Individuals in Outbreak
THURSDAY, April 30, 2015 (HealthDay News) — An investigational serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine seems to have protected vaccinated individuals from the disease during an outbreak, according to a study published online April 27 in Pediatrics.
Experimental HIV Vaccine Could Boost Efficacy of HAART
WEDNESDAY, April 29, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Preliminary research suggests that an HIV vaccine in development can ramp up the body’s immune system, boosting the response to highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The study findings were published online April 29 in Retrovirology.
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Genetic Variations Could Hold Keys to Rheumatoid Arthritis Care
WEDNESDAY, April 29, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Genetic variations may hold clues to rheumatoid arthritis — suggesting not only who will develop the condition, but also predicting its severity and a patient’s mortality risk, according to new research published in the April 28 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Colon Cancer Risk Markers Appear Within Two Weeks of Diet Change
WEDNESDAY, April 29, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Westernization of the diet induces changes in biomarkers of colon cancer risk within two weeks, according to research published online April 28 in Nature Communications.
Physician Compensation Up for Most Specialties
TUESDAY, April 28, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Physician compensation has gone up for almost all specialties, according to a 2015 report published by Medscape.
Capsule Colonoscopy Deemed ‘Adequate’ Alternative
TUESDAY, April 28, 2015 (HealthDay News) — In an average-risk screening population, capsule colonoscopy seems adequate for patients who cannot undergo colonoscopy or who had incomplete colonoscopies, although additional research is needed to improve capsule detection, according to a study published in the May issue of Gastroenterology.
CDC: Surveillance System Can Help Reduce Health Care Injuries
TUESDAY, April 28, 2015 (HealthDay News) — A surveillance system for health care facilities can be used to identify and help reduce the number of preventable injuries among health care personnel, according to research published in the April 24 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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Shiitake Mushroom Intake Tied to Improved Human Immunity
MONDAY, April 27, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Regular consumption of Lentinula edodes (shiitake) mushrooms is associated with improved human immunity, according to a study published online April 11 in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition.
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Early Benefits for Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine in Canadian Teens
MONDAY, April 27, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccination for young girls is associated with reduced incidence of dysplasia and anogenital warts (AGW), according to a study published online April 27 in Pediatrics.
National Health Alert Issued Over HIV Outbreak in Indiana
FRIDAY, April 24, 2015 (HealthDay News) — With opioid abuse now linked to 142 cases of HIV in rural Indiana, U.S. health officials are alerting other states to watch for clusters of HIV and hepatitis C among injection drug users.
Two Novel Technologies Promising in Cancer Care
FRIDAY, April 24, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Two new devices may eventually lead to more accurate, less toxic methods of predicting how well a specific cancer drug might work on an individual’s cancer, researchers report. Findings from both studies were published in the April 22 issue of Science Translational Medicine.
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Oophorectomy Linked to Better Survival in BRCA1 Breast Cancer
THURSDAY, April 23, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Oophorectomy is associated with a decrease in mortality in women with breast cancer and a BRCA1 mutation, and women with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer and a BRCA1 mutation should undergo the procedure shortly after diagnosis, according to research published online April 23 in JAMA Oncology.
VNN1 Gene Potentially Useful Biomarker in Childhood Asthma
THURSDAY, April 23, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Researchers say they’ve identified a gene that affects whether children with asthma respond to corticosteroids. The study was published online April 21 in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
Gene Tx May Benefit Children, Teens With Wiskott-Aldrich Sx
THURSDAY, April 23, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Gene therapy may benefit children and teens with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, a rare immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the WAS gene, according to a small new study published in the April 21 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, a theme issue on child health.
Post-Chemo Radiation May Not Be Needed in Early Hodgkin’s
THURSDAY, April 23, 2015 (HealthDay News) — For patients with early Hodgkin’s lymphoma who have negative findings on positron-emission tomography (PET) after three cycles of chemotherapy, progression-free survival is similar with or without further radiation, according to a study published in the April 23 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Second Primaries for Over 25% With Metastatic Prostate Cancer
THURSDAY, April 23, 2015 (HealthDay News) — More than one-quarter of patients with metastatic prostate cancer present with a synchronous second primary malignancy, according to a review published in the April issue of The Journal of Urology.
EHR Data Mining Helps With Quality Improvement
WEDNESDAY, April 22, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Electronic health records (EHRs) are a valuable source of data that can be mined to help practices with quality improvement performance, according to a study published in Medical Economics.
High-Dose Oral Insulin Promising for Prevention of T1DM
WEDNESDAY, April 22, 2015 (HealthDay News) — In a small, preliminary study, high-dose insulin capsules safely induced what appears to be a protective immune response in children at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes. The study findings were published in the April 21 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, a theme issue on child health.
Review Examines Salpingectomy Alone for Cutting Ovarian CA Risk
WEDNESDAY, April 22, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Salpingectomy alone may be a risk management option for women at hereditary risk of ovarian cancer, according to a review published in the May issue of Cancer Prevention Research.
Phenolic-Rich Maple Syrup Extract Has Antimicrobial Activity
WEDNESDAY, April 22, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Phenolic-rich maple syrup extract (PRMSE) has antimicrobial activity and demonstrates strong synergic interactions with selected antibiotics, according to research published online March 27 in Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
Under and Over Imaging Suspected in Prostate CA Care
TUESDAY, April 21, 2015 (HealthDay News) — For men with nonmetastatic (M0) castration resistant prostate cancer who have a negative bone scan after diagnosis, factors associated with a second bone scan include higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA), shorter PSA doubling time, and faster PSA velocity; however, there may be under imaging in those at high risk and over imaging in those at low risk, according to a study published in the April issue of the The Journal of Urology.
‘Westernization’ May Drive Disease Via Microbiome
TUESDAY, April 21, 2015 (HealthDay News) — In a discovery that could eventually shed light on some diseases that plague modern society, a tribe in a remote part of the Amazon jungle in Venezuela appears to have microbiomes with the highest diversity of bacteria and genetic functions ever found.
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Gene Variation May Impact Smoking Cessation Efforts
MONDAY, April 20, 2015 (HealthDay News) — A gene variation associated with smoking longer and getting lung cancer at a younger age has been identified by researchers. The study was published in the May issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
HLA Expression Tied to Penile Cancer Outcomes
MONDAY, April 20, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression appears to be tied to clinical outcomes in penile cancer, according to a study published in the April issue of The Journal of Urology.
Higher Risk of Cardiac Arrest in Dialysis May Be Genetic
FRIDAY, April 17, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Genes may play a role in cardiac arrest risk among kidney patients who are on dialysis, new research suggests. The study was published online April 16 in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.
CDC Details Mosquito-Borne Virus-Linked Death in Tennessee
FRIDAY, April 17, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Researchers have characterized a La Crosse virus isolate from the brain of a child who died of encephalitis-associated complications in eastern Tennessee in 2012.
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Review Compares Shave, Punch Biopsy Methods
FRIDAY, April 17, 2015 (HealthDay News) — For clinically atypical pigmented lesions, lesion size and morphology should be considered before deciding on shave or punch biopsy, according to a research letter published online April 9 in the British Journal of Dermatology.
Suboptimal Prescribing Attitudes Could Signal Personal Distress
FRIDAY, April 17, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Medical students in personal distress may be more likely to have suboptimal attitudes about self-prescribing and personal responsibility for reporting impaired colleagues, according to a study published in the April issue of Academic Medicine.
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Cross-Protective T Cells Could Explain Asymptomatic Influenza
THURSDAY, April 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Naturally occurring cross-protective T-cell immunity may protect against disease in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza, according to a study published online April 6 in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
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More Evidence Implicates Inflammation in Lyme Neuro Dz
THURSDAY, April 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Anti-inflammatories may help prevent many neuropathologic effects of Lyme neuroborreliosis, according to an experimental study published online April 16 in The American Journal of Pathology.
Call for Gene Tests in Cancer to Include Normal Tissue
THURSDAY, April 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) — If genetic tests are only done on cancer tissue, as many as half of patients may not receive the most appropriate treatment for their cancer, according to research published in the April 15 issue of Science Translational Medicine.
Aerosolized Measles Vaccine Inferior to Subcutaneous Vaccine
THURSDAY, April 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) — With respect to seropositivity, aerosolized vaccination against measles is inferior to the subcutaneous vaccine, according to a study published in the April 16 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Ethical Implications for Looking Up Applicants on Facebook
THURSDAY, April 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Looking up students on Facebook and other social networking sites (SNS) is associated with ethical concerns, according to a perspective piece published in the March issue of the Journal of Graduate Medical Education.
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Medicare Spending Down in Year One of Pioneer ACO
THURSDAY, April 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Medicare spending is down in year one of the Pioneer accountable care organization (ACO) program, according to a study published online April 15 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
AMA Announces End of Sustainable Growth Rate Formula
WEDNESDAY, April 15, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Recently adopted legislation has repealed the sustainable growth rate (SGR) formula, according to a report published by the American Medical Association (AMA).
Arginine Implicated in Experimental Alzheimer’s Research
WEDNESDAY, April 15, 2015 (HealthDay News) — An immune system disorder may play a role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease, research in mice suggests. The study was published in the April 15 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience.
Lansoprazole Worsens Asthma Control in Poor Metabolizers
WEDNESDAY, April 15, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Children with poor metabolizer phenotype based on CYP2C19 have worse asthma control after six months of lansoprazole treatment, according to a study published online April 6 in the Annals of the American Thoracic Society.
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Statin Use Inversely Linked to Pancreatic Cancer Risk
WEDNESDAY, April 15, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Statin use is inversely associated with pancreatic cancer risk, with evidence of a sex-specific risk reduction, according to a study published in the April 15 issue of Cancer.
Survey Looks at Patient Attitudes Regarding Informed Consent
WEDNESDAY, April 15, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Most U.S. adults would prefer to be asked for permission to participate in studies assessing usual medical practices, according to a study published online April 14 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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Nanotechnology Breath Test Could Help ID Gastric CA Earlier
TUESDAY, April 14, 2015 (HealthDay News) — A novel technology senses small changes in the levels of particular compounds in exhaled breath, and accurately identifies changes that signal the development of gastric cancer, according to a study published online April 13 in Gut.
Security Breaches of Health Records Up Over Past Decade
TUESDAY, April 14, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Breaches in data security exposed more than 29 million health records to potential criminal misuse between 2010 and 2013, according to a new study. Security breaches involving hacking have nearly doubled in recent years, rising to 8.7 percent in 2013 compared with 4.7 percent in 2010, according to the study, published as a research letter in the April 14 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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CDC: Ebola Vaccine Trial Launches in Sierra Leone
TUESDAY, April 14, 2015 (HealthDay News) — A clinical trial of an Ebola vaccine has been launched in the West African nation of Sierra Leone, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Tuesday.
SHBG Predicts Erectile Dysfunction Risk in Young Men
TUESDAY, April 14, 2015 (HealthDay News) — High levels of free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (BT), and low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), are tied to a decreased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) in young men, according to a study published online March 20 in the Journal of Sexual Medicine.
Placebo Response May Depend on Individual DNA
TUESDAY, April 14, 2015 (HealthDay News) — The strength of the placebo effect may depend on particular DNA, according to a report published online April 13 in Trends in Molecular Medicine.
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Grape Polyphenols May Protect Against Metabolic Sx Via Gut
TUESDAY, April 14, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Grape polyphenols (GP) may act in the intestine to protect against metabolic syndrome, according to an experimental study published online April 6 in Diabetes.
Teledermatology Implications for Incidental Skin CA Detection
TUESDAY, April 14, 2015 (HealthDay News) — An in-person skin examination is important for detection of incidentally-identified skin malignancies, according to a review published in the April issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
HPV4 Vaccine Cost-Effective for OPC Prevention in Teen Boys
MONDAY, April 13, 2015 (HealthDay News) — The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV4) vaccine appears to be cost-effective for the prevention of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) among 12-year-old males, according to a study published online April 13 in Cancer.
Repeat Prostate Biopsy Rounds Yield Cancer Cases
MONDAY, April 13, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Among a group of men with an initial negative prostate biopsy, clinically significant cancer is still found in subsequent repeat sampling rounds, according to a study published in the April issue of The Journal of Urology.
Many Doctors Haven’t Started Dealing With ICD-10 Revision
FRIDAY, April 10, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Most physicians have barely begun to deal with issues relating to documentation associated with the transition to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), according to an article published in Medical Economics.
Medical Debt Burden Higher in Texas, Florida
FRIDAY, April 10, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Significantly more adults in Florida and Texas struggle to pay medical bills or pay off medical debt over time compared with residents of New York and California, according to a new Commonwealth Fund report released Friday.
Art Program Hones Med Students’ Visual Observation Skills
FRIDAY, April 10, 2015 (HealthDay News) — An innovative interdisciplinary program, Art Rounds, is effective for improving medical and nursing students’ physical observation skills, according to a study published in the April issue of the Journal of Nursing Education.
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Maternal C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Tied to Pre-Eclampsia
FRIDAY, April 10, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Levels of maternal plasma amino terminal propeptide of C-type natriuretic peptide (NTproCNP) may be useful in defining phenotypes associated with pre-eclampsia in late pregnancy, according to a study published online April 5 in BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
Two New Strategies Show Promise in Treating Crohn’s Dz
FRIDAY, April 10, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Two experimental therapies show promise in management of Crohn’s disease.
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Abstract – Stem Cells Translational Medicine
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Cases of Melanoma Declining in U.S. Children
THURSDAY, April 9, 2015 (HealthDay News) — The incidence of melanoma is falling among American children, according to a new study published online April 9 in The Journal of Pediatrics.
Dimethyl Fumarate Linked to Development of PML
THURSDAY, April 9, 2015 (HealthDay News) — An active ingredient in some psoriasis and multiple sclerosis medications, dimethyl fumarate, has been linked to two cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), according to two letters published in the April 9 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Single-Dose Ebola Vaccine Effective in Nonhuman Primates
THURSDAY, April 9, 2015 (HealthDay News) — A quick-acting, single-dose Ebola vaccine is safe and effective in nonhuman primates, and may lead to a new human vaccine, U.S. researchers reported Wednesday. The study was published online April 8 in Nature.
Periocular Basal Cell Carcinomas Can Grow Rapidly
THURSDAY, April 9, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Periocular basal cell carcinomas (pBCCs) have a mean growth rate of 11.2 mm² every 30 days, according to a study published in the April issue of the British Journal of Dermatology.
Potent HIV-1-Specific Antibody Shown to Suppress Virus
THURSDAY, April 9, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Therapy with a human antibody appears to reduce levels of HIV in the blood for at least a month, preliminary research suggests. The findings were published in a research letter online April 8 in Nature.
Higher Risk of Heart Disease Seen With Shorter Stature
THURSDAY, April 9, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Short people may be more likely to have coronary artery disease (CAD), and that increased risk could be linked to the genetics that also determine height, new research suggests. The study was published online April 8 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Older Blood May Be an Option for Cardiac Surgery Patients
THURSDAY, April 9, 2015 (HealthDay News) — For patients undergoing cardiac surgery, using transfused red blood cells stored for 21 days or more is as good as using blood cells stored for 10 days or less, according to research findings reported in the April 9 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
Medicare Beneficiaries With Melanoma May Face Tx Delay
WEDNESDAY, April 8, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Approximately 20 percent of Medicare patients with melanoma face delays in getting surgical treatment, according to a new study published online April 8 in JAMA Dermatology.
Limited Time Available to Review Sunshine Act Data
WEDNESDAY, April 8, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Physicians have only 45 days to review and dispute reports regarding their financial ties to drug and medical device manufacturers reported under the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, according to the American Medical Association (AMA).
Breast, Ovarian CA Risk Varies With BRCA Mutation Location
TUESDAY, April 7, 2015 (HealthDay News) — The risk of breast and ovarian cancer varies with the type and location of BRCA1/2 mutations, according to a study published in the April 7 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Breast CA Patients Want, but May Not Get, Genetic Risk Discussion
TUESDAY, April 7, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Although many women with breast cancer are concerned about their genetic risk for other cancers — as well as their relatives’ risk for breast cancer — almost half of these patients don’t get information about genetic testing, according to a study published online April 6 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
Case Report of Food Allergy Acquired Via Blood Transfusion
TUESDAY, April 7, 2015 (HealthDay News) — The case of an 8-year-old Canadian boy suggests that it’s possible, but still rare, for children to develop food allergies from blood transfusions. The report was published in the April 7 issue of CMAJ, the journal of the Canadian Medical Association.
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Med Students, Residents Rarely Perform Stethoscope Hygiene
TUESDAY, April 7, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Stethoscope hygiene is rarely performed by trainee physicians, according to a research letter published online April 2 in the Journal of Hospital Medicine.
MRSA May Become More Aggressive With Smoke Exposure
TUESDAY, April 7, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Exposure to tobacco smoke prompts methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria to become even more aggressive, and makes it harder for the immune system to fight off the infection, according to a laboratory-based study published online March 30 in Infection and Immunity.
Semen Quality Linked to Fruit, Veggie Pesticide Residue
TUESDAY, April 7, 2015 (HealthDay News) — High-pesticide residue fruit and vegetable intake correlates with poorer semen quality, according to a study published online March 30 in Human Reproduction.
FDA Approves New Test That Helps Diagnose Gastroparesis
MONDAY, April 6, 2015 (HealthDay News) — A new breath test (the Gastric Emptying Breath Test [GEBT]) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to aid in the diagnosis of gastroparesis.
HIV Can Damage Brain Early in Course of Infection
FRIDAY, April 3, 2015 (HealthDay News) — In the early stages of infection, HIV can spread to and develop in the central nervous systems of some patients, according to a study published in the March issue of PLOS Pathogens.
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New Guidelines Could Up Care Access for Millions in Africa
FRIDAY, April 3, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Newborns and young infants in developing nations who have suspected severe bacterial infections can be effectively treated outside a hospital, three new studies suggest. The new studies were published online April 1 in The Lancet and The Lancet Global Health.
Case Study: Iced Tea Habit Likely Led to Man’s Kidney Failure
THURSDAY, April 2, 2015 (HealthDay News) — After conducting a kidney biopsy on a 56-year-old man with unexplained kidney failure, doctors discovered numerous oxalate crystals in his kidney tissue. Black tea is a significant source of oxalate, and the man acknowledged drinking 16 glasses of iced tea every day. The researchers reported the man’s case in the April 2 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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CDC: Multidrug-Resistant Shigellosis Spreading in U.S.
THURSDAY, April 2, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Travelers are bringing a drug-resistant strain of the Shigella sonnei bacteria to the United States and spreading it to other people, federal health officials warned Thursday. The report is published in the April 3 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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Cardiovascular Disease Deaths Increasing Worldwide
THURSDAY, April 2, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Despite medical advances, new research indicates that more people are dying of heart disease and stroke worldwide than did a quarter century ago because the global population is growing, and growing older. The study is published in the April 2 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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DNA-Based Blood Test More Accurate in ID of Down Sx
THURSDAY, April 2, 2015 (HealthDay News) — A DNA-based blood test appears to be more effective in detecting possible Down syndrome in unborn children than other screening methods, researchers say. The findings have been published in the April 2 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
Promising Research on rVSV Vaccine for Ebola
THURSDAY, April 2, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Two separate teams of investigators conclude that an experimental Ebola vaccine is safe, with side effects confined to fever, fatigue, injection-site pain, and/or joint pain. The reports on what is known as the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vaccine were published online April 1 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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MED15 Involved in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
THURSDAY, April 2, 2015 (HealthDay News) — The mediator subunit MED15 appears to be involved in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), according to a study published in the April issue of The American Journal of Pathology.
Outcomes No Worse for Macrolide-Resistant Pneumonia
WEDNESDAY, April 1, 2015 (HealthDay News) — For patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia, macrolide-resistance is not associated with worse outcomes, according to a study published online March 25 in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
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Quality Improvement Intervention Cuts Tests Ordered
WEDNESDAY, April 1, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Implementation of a multifaceted quality improvement intervention is associated with a decrease in the number of ordered laboratory tests, according to a study published online March 21 in the Journal of Hospital Medicine.
Plasma B12 Levels Tied to Anorexia Nervosa Severity
WEDNESDAY, April 1, 2015 (HealthDay News) — In patients with anorexia nervosa, plasma levels of vitamin B12 might be an early marker of liver dysfunction and are possibly related to more severe psychopathological aspects, according to a study published in the April issue of the International Journal of Eating Disorders.
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